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Postpartum Depression & Goop
Is there an evolutionary explanation for something like Postpartum Depression, which seems, from the outset, so maladaptive? Ancient Bodies Modern Lives discusses cultural and social factors, but also posits some evolutionary explanations. One is that it would allow paleolithic women to "cut their losses" and abandon a baby whose care would affect her survival. Two other theories are social- that PD either spurred women to get assistance from other group members or that overall sadness allowed them to focus on their babies. None of these theories seem to hold much water in a modern context, since PD seems to affect women with healthy babies and unfortunately seems to manifest itself as negative/non-existant feelings towards their own children. Is it a "disease of civilization"?
GOOP, Gwenyth Paltrow's newsletter, is strangely addicting and has provided health bloggers with plenty of entertainment lately. Her latest newsletter is on PD and contains the story of Bryce Dallas Howard's struggle with the condition. Even if we knew that PD was a disease of civilization, civilization is clearly more complex than just diet. Diseases of civilization can be caused by the stress of modern life, for example. But conspiciously absent from her account is any mention of her diet, which is interesting because she did a completely vegan pregnancy, but has recently quit veganism for non-specified health reasons.
The ADA insists that veganism is an appropriate diet for all stages of life, including pregnancy and lactation, despite a lack of comprehensive studies on the matter. The few studies that exist have shown that vegan women do have different vitamin levels, though perhaps this will be remediated with more studies that allow better tailoring of supplements. Personally, with humans plagued by conditions like PD that are so poorly understood, I'm not going to bet on us being able to figure out a diet that protects us from diseases of civilization better than paleo does anytime soon.
It's interesting because recently in the paleo blogosphere certain vegan groups that disavow any and all supplementation have been getting press. Lost from the debate is that even vegan scientists think that the raw fruit-based diet is lunacy and worry that deficient members of that group will give all vegans a bad name when they succumb to health problems caused by a completely inadequete diet.
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My speculative opinion is
My speculative opinion is that PD is mainly a matter of nutrient depletion. Pregnancy (and presumably also lactation, as well as the mental stress of dealing with childbirth) places a huge demand on the body for vitamins, minerals, amino acids, etc. A woman who is not replenishing her nutrient stores with a nutrient-dense diet will be susceptible to exhausting said stores as nutrients are "siphoned off" to support her baby. Since it's hard to feel good when the substrates for your body's feel-good chemicals are lacking, depression naturally sets in until the mother is finally (if ever) able to replenish her nutrient stores faster than the rate at which they're being used up.
Interestingly, the only case
Interestingly, the only case of pellagra (a b3/tryptophan deficiency)I have ever witnessed was not in any of the Third World countries I've spent time in, but in Northern California at a Holistic Health school, with a vegan woman who was eating a very restrictive diet to "cleanse" herself of the ill effects of having eaten meat early in life.
I think you are spot on about social support. I have rarely (perhaps once) seen PD in tribal groups that still have extended family/clan groups, but have seen it too many times to count here in the States. I put my self through college and grad school working in psychiatric wards, and I think we saw about one case of PD a month that required hospitalization for some length of time.
Terence McKenna said it best, "Civilization is not your friend".
I read a theory once that
I read a theory once that suggested that there's some sort of imprinting that goes on for the mother right after birth, and that in modern times this is often disrupted by birthing practices. The theory went that when the imprinting is disrupted, the human mother basically (on some deep level) interprets this as her baby was stillborn, and goes into some sort of mourning reaction.
Certainly if you compare how a "paleo" woman would have given birth to a modern woman giving birth, there are lots of things that could interfere with a process like this. Today, a mother often won't hold the baby right away, and even when she does, the baby will be taken away soon for her to "rest." The baby spends hours and hours isolated in a nursury. The mother is often drugged for one reason or another. The hospital setting isn't very natural or comfortable, often. The birth process is essentially always painful for modern women, while for women from traditional groups in many cases labour wasn't painful at all (perhaps due to wider hips from better nutrition).
But it's just a theory and I don't even remember where I read it.
I was vegan for about two
I was vegan for about two years until I got pregnant, then suddenly I wanted red meat like crazy. So I stopped being vegan and went out and got myself a beef taco, I remember the day like it was yesterday! My son was born healthy. I'm so glad I listened to my body instead of ideology!
I am sure that paleolithic
I am sure that paleolithic women would have probably been a bit emotional just after birth because of the huge change in hormones but I don't think they would have had postpartum depression the way that many women do today. Based soley on my experiences (I have two children) and those of my friends I believe that postpartum depression is caused by lifestyle. Friends and family that did not take care of them selves (eating nutrient-rich foods, exercising, trying to get a decent amount of sleep) and were under a tremendous amount of stress (teenage mother, seriously ill child, marital problems) seem to have been diagnosed with this disorder pretty often. I don't mean to offend anyone with my opinion. I just believe that when the other areas of life are going well that mental health will often follow suit.
I don't think this is
I don't think this is offensive. The fact is that many sources of stress are out of our control--death in the family, job/school issues (since we have to do these things to make a living, options are limited), other issues. Society doesn't offer much in the way of support, and this coupled with the intense event of the birth of a baby (which society doesn't do enough to support--even having a nanny and husband isn't the same as the emotional and physical support of a village)-- I can see how someone would break down mentally.
Yeah, Ancient Bodies Modern
Yeah, Ancient Bodies Modern Lives mentions how PD incidence is higher in those with poorer social support networks. Evolutionarily speaking, the nuclear family is a modern anomaly. A paleolithic women would have had grandmothers, aunts, sisters, and other relatives around her constantly.
By the raw fruit diets, you
By the raw fruit diets, you mean fruitarians? I love bananas, but eating 30 of them a day just seems dangerous to me. That's a lot of sugar... LOL